The Kingdom of Linge and Early Islamization in Central Aceh

M Dien Madjid; Johan Wahyudi

doi:10.2121/tawarikh.v12i1.1368

The Kingdom of Linge and Early Islamization in Central Aceh

M Dien Madjid, Johan Wahyudi

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Kingdom of Linge is certainly still a stranger in the history of Indonesia. This kingdom does have a reputation that is still immersed in the mud of ignorance. In fact, if explored deeper, its role is very large in the development of Islam in the central part of Aceh. In addition, in a wider scope, the discourse of the history of Central Aceh is also still vaguely heard on the national and international scene. Socialization of the story of the past of Central Aceh needs to be done. Geographically, the Kingdom of Linge is located in the Central Aceh region, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Generally, this area is inhabited by the Gayo ethnic community. The Gayo people inhabit three districts, which in the past were part of this Kingdom, including Central Aceh Regency, Bener Meriah Regency, and Gayo Lues Regency. The Authors used two approaches to reveal the history of Central Aceh. Firstly, the archeological approach, in which has found specimens of early inhabitants of Central Aceh. Secondly, the approach of Islamic history, a study of when Islam entered Central Aceh was an interesting conversation to follow. Islamic “da'wah” (preaching) has become one of the important agendas carried out by the Linge Kingdom to foster its people. The vehicle for historiography is an important medium to present a description of Aceh's past that was not previously revealed, or only cursed. Promoting the history of Central Aceh is similar to moving the wheel of writing history into a more dynamic direction. Excessive discourse will feel less relevant if trapped in reps.

KEY WORDS: The Kingdom of Linge; Prehistory Period; Central Aceh; Islamization and Tradition.

About the Authors: Prof. Dr. M. Dien Madjid is a Full Professor of History at the Department of History and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri or State Islamic University) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jalan Tarumanegara No.17-B, Pisangan, Ciputat Timur, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia. Johan Wahyudi, M.Hum. is a Lecturer and Historian at the Department of Madrassa Ibtidaiyya Teacher Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah (Education) STIA (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam or College of Islamic Religion) Al-Aqidah al-Hasyimiyyah Jakarta, Jalan Kayumanis Barat No.99 Matraman, Kayu Manis, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia. The Authors’ e-mail: dr.dienmadjid@yahoo.com and johan7790@yahoo.com

Suggested Citation: Madjid, M. Dien & Johan Wahyudi. (2020). “The Kingdom of Linge and Early Islamization in Central Aceh” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 12(1), October, pp.1-20. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (August 24, 2020); Revised (September 19, 2020); and Published (October 30, 2020).

Keywords

The Kingdom of Linge; Prehistory Period; Central Aceh; Islamization and Tradition

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdullah, Syukriy. (2009). “Sejarah Daerah dan Suku Gayo”. Available online at: https://syukriy.wordpress.com/2009/12/27/sejarah-daerah-dan-suku-gayo/ [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 17, 2019].

Al-Gayoni, Yusradi Usman. (2012). “Orang Batak Berasal dari Gayo?” in newspaper of WASPADA. Medan: January 11. Available online also at: http://yusradiusmanalgayoni.blogspot.com/2012/03/orang-batak-berasal-dari-gayo.html [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 25, 2019].

Bellwood, Peter, James J. Fox & Darrell Tryon [eds]. (2006). The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra: ANU [Australian National University] Press. Available online also at: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/f2e36843-ab4b-41d8-960b-52a57b2379bb/458826.pdf [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 10, 2019].

Birchok, Daniel Andrew. (2013). “Sojourning on Mecca’s Verandah: Place, Temporality, and Islam in an Indonesian Province”. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. USA [United States of America]: The University of Michigan. Available online also at: https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/99998/dbirchok_1.pdf;sequence=1 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 25, 2019].

Bowen, John R. (1989). “Narrative Form and Political Incorporation: Changing Uses of History in Aceh, Indonesia” in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol.31, No.4, pp.671-93. Available online also at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/179074 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 3, 2019].

Bowen, John R. (1991). Sumatran Politics and Poetics: Gayo History, 1900–1909. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Bowen, John R. (1993). Muslims through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society. USA [United States of America]: Princeton University Press.

Boyden, S.V. [ed]. (1970). The Impact of Civilisation on the Biology of Man. Canberra: ANU [Australian National University] Press.

Braginsky, V.I. (1998). Yang Indah, Berfaedah, dan Kamal: Sejarah Sastra Melayu dalam Abad 7-19 M. Jakarta: Penerbit INIS, Translation.

Burhanuddin, Jajat. (2016). “Pasang Surut Hubungan Aceh dan Turki Usmani: Perspektif Sejarah” in STUDIA ISLAMIKA, Vol.23, No.2.

Clayton, Robert. (1996). The Logic of Historical Explanation. USA [United States of America]: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

Dittmar, Jenna M. et al. (2016). “From Cradle to Grave via the Dissection Room: The Role of Foetal and Infant Bodies in Anatomical Education from the Late 1700s to Early 1900s” in Journal of Anatomy, Vol.229, No.6.

Djamil, M. Junus. (n.y.). Gajah Putih Iskandar Muda. Banda Aceh: Private Publisher, owned by the Authors.

Endicott, Kirk. (2015). Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present, and Future of the Orang Asli. Singapore: NUS [National University of Singapore] Press.

Feener, R. Michael, Patrick Daly & Anthony Reid [eds]. (2011). Mapping the Acehnese Past. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Gani, Yusra Habib Abdul. (2018). Gayo dan Kerajaan Linge. Jakarta: Mahara Publishing.

Gottschalk, Louis. (1987). Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Haryanto, Samsi. (2011). Metode Wawancara dalam Penelitian Sejarah: Studi Non-Dokumenter. Surakarta: UNS [Universitas 11 Maret] Press.

Hasjmy, A. [ed]. (1978). Sejarah Masuk dan Berkembangnya Islam di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Alma’arif.

Hatin, Wan Isa et al. (2011). “Population Genetic Structure of Peninsular Malaysia Malay Sub-Ethnic Groups” in PloS One, Volume 6(4):e18312 [April]. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071720/ [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 10, 2019].

Hays, Jeffrey. (2015). “Ethnic Groups in Sumatra: Facts and Details”. Available online at: http://factsanddetails.com/indonesia/Minorities_and_Regions/sub6_3b/entry-3996.html [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 17, 2019].

Hidayah, Z. (2020). “Encyclopedia of Indonesian Tribes” in A Guide to Tribes in Indonesia. Singapore: Springer. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1835-5_1 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: August 17, 2020].

Hurgronje, C. Snouck. (1990). Het Gajoland en Zijne Bewoners. Jakarta: INIS Publications, Translation.

Indra. (2015). “Kajian Kondisi Perikanan di Danau Laut Tawar, Aceh Tengah” in AGRISEP, Vol.16, No.2, pp.62-69. Available online also at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/13195-ID-kajian-kondisi-perikanan-di-danau-laut-tawar-aceh-tengah.pdf [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 3, 2019].

Interview with Bentara Linge (60 years old), in Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Indonesia, on April 30, 2018.

Interview with Yusin (70 years old), in Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Indonesia, on April 30, 2018.

Interview with Joni (50 years old), in Takengon, Aceh Tengah, Indonesia, on April 30, 2018.

Iwabuchi, Akifumi. (1994). The People of the Alas Valley: A Study of an Ethnic Group of Northern Sumatra. USA [United States of America]: Clarendon Press.

Jamhir. (2019). “Nilai-nilai Adat Gayo Bersandarkan Hukum Islam sebagai Pedoman dalam Menyelesaikan Kasus Hukum pada Masyarakat Gayo”. Unpublished Academic Paper. Banda Aceh: Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum UIN [Universitas Islam Negeri] Ar-Raniry.

Jarwati & Sahri Ardalina. (2017). “The Study of Philosophical Meaning of Kerawang Motives on Gayo Ethnic Traditional Clothes, Aceh Province” in Proceeding Series: AASIC (ASEAN/Asian Academy Society International Conference). Available online also at: http://aasic.org/proc/aasic/article/view/290 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 17, 2019].

Kuntowijoyo. (2008). Penjelasan Sejarah (Historical Explanation). Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.

Latief, A.R. (n.y.). Pelangi Kehidupan Gayo dan Alas. Bandung: Kurnia Bupa.

Madjid, M. Dien. (2010). “Spektrum: Kebesaran Gayo dalam Pentas Sejarah” in AT-TURAS, Vol.XVI, No.2 [Mei], pp.131-148.

Madjid, M. Dien. (2013). Catatan Pinggir Sejarah Aceh. Jakarta: Penerbit YOI [Yayasan Obor Indonesia].

Madjid, M. Dien. (2020). Sejarah Sosial Gayo, Abad XIV – XVII. Jakarta: Mahara Publishing.

Madjid, M. Dien et al. (2018). Peradaban Islam Awal di Aceh Tengah: Studi atas Kerajaan Linge, Abad XI – XIV. Jakarta: Penerbit UIN [Universitas Islam Negeri] Syarif Hidayatullah.

Meda, Juri et al. (2017). “School Memory: Historiographical Balance and Heuristics Perspectives” in Cristina Ynes-Cabrera et al. [eds]. School Memories. USA [United States of America]: Springer.

Melalatoa, Muhammad Junus. (1982). Kebudayaan Gayo. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

Moore, M.W. & A. Brumm. (2007). “Stone Artifacts and Hominins in Island Southeast Asia: New Insights from Flores, Eastern Indonesia” in Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 52(1), pp.85-102.

Muchsin, Misri A. (2018). “Kesultanan Peureulak dan Diskursus Titik Nol Peradaban Islam Nusantara” in Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, Vol.2, No.2 [Juli-Desember], pp.218-238. Available online also at: http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/JCIMS/article/view/3154/2073 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 17, 2019].

Mu’jizah. (2011). “Tajussalatin dan Karakter Pemimpin” in JUMANTARA, Vol.2, No.1, pp.1-13.

PaEni, Mukhlis. (2003). Riak di Laut Tawar: Kelanjutan Tradisi dalam Perubahan Sosial di Gayo, Aceh Tengah. Jakarta: Penerbit ANRI [Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia] and Gadjah Mada University Press.

Patterson, Annabel. (2017). “Censorship and Interpretation” in David Scott Kastan [ed]. Staging the Renaissance. London: Routledge.

Peacock, A.C.S. & Annabel Teh Gallop [eds]. (2015). From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Southeast Asia. Oxford: The British Academy by Oxford University Press.

Piper, Philip J., Hirofumi Matsumura & David Bulbeck [eds]. (2017). New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory. Canberra: ANU [Australian National University] Press. Available online also at: https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2320/pdf/book.pdf [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 10, 2019].

Ririmasse, Marlon N.R. (2015). “Peneliti Arkeologi di Indonesia: Antara Idealisme dan Kenyataan” in KAPATA: Jurnal Arkeologi, Vol.11, No.1 [Juli], pp.53-66.

Said, Mohammad. (1981). Aceh Sepanjang Abad, Jilid I. Medan: Percetakan dan Penerbitan Waspada.

Setiawan, Taufiqurrahman. (2018). “Loyang Mendale, Situs Hunian Prasejarah di Pedalaman Aceh: Asumsi Awal terhadap Hasil Penelitian Gua-gua di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam” in SANGKHAKALA: Berkala Arkeologi, Vol.12, No.24, pp.229-39. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.24832/bas.v12i24.222 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 10, 2019].

Setiawan, Taufiqurrahman & Anggraeni. (2016). “Model Penguburan di Loyang Mendale dan Loyang Ujung Karang, Aceh Tengah, Provinsi Aceh”. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Yogyakarta: S2 Ilmu Arkeologi UGM [Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Available online also at: http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/99929 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 10, 2019].

Sjamsuddin, Helius. (2016). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.

Soejono, R.P. (1969). “The History of Prehistoric Research in Indonesia to 1950” in Asian Perspectives, Volume 12, pp.69-91. Available online also at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42929063 [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: November 3, 2019].

Sukiman. (2014). “Nilai-nilai Pembangunan Islam dalam Masyarakat Gayo” in MIQOT, Vol.XXXVIII, No.1 [Januari-Juni], pp.215-237.

Sustikarini, Amalia. (2019). “State-Led Peace-Building in Aceh, Indonesia: From Transition to Normalisation (2005-2018)”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. New Zealand: University of Canterbury. Available online also at: https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/17954/Sustikarini,%20Amalia_Final%20PhD%20Thesis%20.pdf [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: March 17, 2020].

Sysling, Fenneke. (2016). Racial Science and Human Diversity in Colonial Indonesia. Singapore: NUS [National University of Singapore] Press.

Wiradnyana, Ketut. (2016). “Hoabinhian and Austronesia: The Root of Diversity in the Western Part of Indonesia” in European Scientific Journal, Vol.12, No.32 [November], pp.131-145.

Wiradnyana, Ketut et al. (2011). Merangkai Identitas Gayo. Jakarta: Penerbit YOI [Yayasan Obor Indonesia].

Wiradnyana, Ketut et al. (2012). “Indikasi Pembauran Budaya Hoabinh dan Austronesia di Pulau Sumatra Bagian Utara” in SANGKHAKALA: Berkala Arkeologi, Vol.XV, No.1.

Yusnadi, Alja. (2020). “Gajah Putih: Pertautan Aceh dan Linge” in ANTEROACEH.COM, on April 2. Available online also at: https://anteroaceh.com/news/gajah-putih-pertautan-aceh-dan-linge/index.html [accessed in Jakarta, Indonesia: July 17, 2020].

Zainuddin, H.M. (1961). Tarich Atjeh dan Nusantara, Volume 1. Medan: Pustaka Iskandar Muda.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v12i1.1368