Mind Mapping Learning Method for Memory
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The student study result, which is less satisfied, making researcher conducts experiment on mind mapping learning method for improving student memory. This research aims to know the effectiveness of mind mapping learning method for improving the memory of student at the SDIT (Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu or Elementary School of Integrated Islam) Cendekia in Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia. The used research method is quasi experimental method through quantitative approach. The population in this research is students grade V at the SDIT Cendekia in Purwakarta chosen using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses questionaire and documentation study. The findings showed that there is a memory increasing about 6.833. The increasing has reached the success indicator, which is excellent criteria. Excellent criteria showed by all students have mastered the recall information skill, such as: alphabet; number; picture; and color by mentioning, recognizing, and illustrating which is recorded though direct memorization in 20 minutes. The use of mind mapping method in learning can improve the memory of 10-11 years old student. The learning application using mind mapping method is the explanation of all pictures on mapping media to the student by mentioning or describing the features of explained picture. The use of mind mapping method can help student to remember the obtained information. Besides, mind mapping method gives a more realistic illustration, because students do not only listen and imagine the object, but also see it. Hence, students can easily understand the delivered information.
KEY WORD: Learning Method; Mind Mapping; Memory; Elementary School Students.
INTISARI: “Metode Pembelajaran Pemetaan Pemikiran untuk Daya Ingat”. Hasil belajar siswa, yang kurang memuaskan, membuat peneliti melakukan percobaan dengan metode pembelajaran pemetaan pemikiran untuk meningkatkan daya ingat siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode pembelajaran pemetaan pemikiran untuk meningkatkan daya ingat siswa di SDIT (Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu) Cendekia di Purwakarta, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuasi eksperimen melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V di SDIT Cendekia di Purwakarta, yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampel bertujuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan studi dokumentasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan daya ingat sekitar 6.833. Peningkatan tersebut telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan, yang merupakan kriteria yang sangat baik. Kriteria sangat baik yang ditunjukkan oleh semua siswa telah menguasai keterampilan informasi mengingat, seperti: huruf; angka; gambar; dan warna dengan menyebutkan, mengenali, dan menggambarkan yang direkam melalui penghafalan langsung dalam 20 menit. Penggunaan metode pemetaan pemikiran dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan daya ingat siswa berusia 10-11 tahun. Aplikasi pembelajaran menggunakan metode pemetaan pemikiran adalah penjelasan semua gambar pada media pemetaan kepada siswa dengan menyebutkan atau menggambarkan fitur-fitur gambar yang dijelaskan. Penggunaan metode pemetaan pemikiran dapat membantu siswa untuk mengingat informasi yang diperoleh. Selain itu, metode pemetaan pemikiran memberikan ilustrasi yang lebih realistis, karena siswa tidak hanya mendengarkan dan membayangkan objek, tetapi juga melihatnya. Oleh karena itu, siswa dapat dengan mudah memahami informasi yang disampaikan.
KATA KUNCI: Metode Pembelajaran; Pemetaan Pemikiran; Daya Ingat; Siswa Sekolah Dasar.
About the Author: Ihsan Rizali, S.Psi. is a Student of Educational Psychology Study Program SPs UPI (School of Postgraduate, Indonesia University of Education), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the Author is able to be contacted via e-mail address at: ihsanrizali.yasri@gmail.com
Suggested Citation: Rizali, Ihsan. (2019). “Mind Mapping Learning Method for Memory” in SIPATAHOENAN: South-East Asian Journal for Youth, Sports & Health Education, Volume 5(1), April, pp.1-14. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI with a print-ISSN 2407-7348.
Article Timeline: Accepted (January 15, 2019); Revised (March 24, 2019); and Published (April 30, 2019).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alamsyah, Maurizal. (2009). Kiat Jitu Meningkatkan Prestasi dengan Mind Mapping. Yogyakarta: Mitra Pelajar.
Alosaimi, Mansour. (2016). “The Role of Knowledge Management Approaches for Enhancing and Supporting Education” in Business Administration, published by Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris. Available online also at: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01816021/document [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Angwin, A.J. et al. (2017). “White Noise Enhances New-Word Learning in Healthy Adults” in Scientific Reports, Volume 7. Available online also at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-13383-3 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 22, 2018].
Aunurrahman. (2016). Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Aththibby, Arif Rahman. (2015). “Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Animasi Flash Topik Bahasan Usaha Dan Energi” in JPF: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, Vol.3, No.2. Available online also at: http://ojs.fkip.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/fisika/article/view/238 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Baddeley, A.D. (2000). “The Episodic Buffer: A New Component of Working Memory?” in Trends Cognitive Science, Volume 4(11), pp.417-423.
Bertoft, Eric. (2017). “Understanding Starch Structure: Recent Progress” in Agronomy, Volume 7(3). Available online also at: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/7/3/56/htm [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Bhagat, A., R. Vyas & T. Singh. (2015). “Students Awareness of Learning Styles and Their Perceptions to a Mixed Method Approach for Learning” in International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research, Volume 5, Supplement 1 [August]. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552069/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Brem, A.K., K. Ran & A. Pascual-Leone. (2013). “Learning and Memory” in Handb Clin Neurol, Volume 116, pp.693-737. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4248571/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 22, 2018].
Brown, A. et al. (2011). “Working Memory Network Alterations and Associated Symptoms in Adults with ADHD and Bipolar Disorder” in Journal of Psychiatric Research, Volume 46(4), pp.476-483.
Buzan, Tony. (2008). Buku Pintar: Mind Map. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Carter, P. & K. Russel. (2011). Maksimalkan Kemampuan Otak Anda. Jakarta: Penerbit Indeks, Translation.
Cowan, Nelson. (2014). “Working Memory Underpins Cognitive Development, Learning, and Education” in Educational Psychological Review, Volume 26(2), June, pp.197-223. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207727/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Cunningham, Glennis Edge. (2005). “Mind-Mapping: Its Effects on Student Achievement in High School Biology”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Austin: The University of Texas.
Davelaar, E.J. et al. (2005). “The Demise of Short-Term Memory Revisited: Empirical and Computational Investigation of Recency Effects” in Psychological Review, Volume 112(1), pp.3-42.
DeRue, Scott. (2012). “A Quasi Experimental Study of After-Event Reviews” in Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 97(5), September, pp.997-1015.
Desmita. (2009). Psikologi Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Dimitrov, Dimiter M. & Phillip D. Rumrill, Jr. (2003). “Pretest-Posttest Designs and Measurement of Change” in Work, Volume 20, pp.159-165. Available online also at: https://cehd.gmu.edu/assets/docs/faculty_publications/dimitrov/file5.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 25, 2018].
Dunlosky, J. et al. (2013). “Improving Students Learning with Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions from Cognitive and Educational Psychology” in Journal of Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Sage Publications. DOI: 10.1177/1529100612453266.
Dzulkifli, M.A. & M.F. Mustafar. (2013). “The Influence of Colour on Memory Performance: A Review” in The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Volume 20(2), March, pp.3-9. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3743993/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Fathurrohman, P. & S. Sutikno. (2014). Strategi Belajar-Mengajar melalui Penanaman Konsep Umum dan Konsep Islam. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Ferguson, K.T. at al. (2013). “The Physical Environment and Child Development: An International Review” in International Journal of Psychology, Volume 48(4), pp.437-468. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489931/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Fry, Heather, Steve Ketteridge & Stephanie Marshall [eds]. (2009). A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Enhancing Academic Practice. London and New York: Routledge, third edition. Available online also at: https://www.sun.ac.za/english/faculty/arts/Documents/HandbookTeachingLearningHigheEd.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Gagne, Robert M. (1985). The Conditions of Learning. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 4th edition.
Ginting, Sri Nina Yunita. (2017). “The Effectiveness on Mind Mapping Learning Model to Improve the Learning Achievements of Biology: Quasi Experimental Study at State Senior High School 1 of Binjai City, North Sumatera, Indonesia” in Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, Volume 104, pp.456-459.
Henderson, D.A. & C.L. Thompson. (2010). Counseling Children. USA [United States of America]: Brooks Cole.
Hidayatullah, Vicky. (2018). “Using the Mind Map Technique to Improve Students’ Reading Comprehension at Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 2 Toroh, Purwodadi”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta: English Education Department, Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty, the State Islamic Institute of Surakarta. Available online also at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7754/40b6e126b44255b2d78f3b15c368b07577c2.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 13, 2019].
Hofland, C. (2007). Mind-Mapping in the EFL Classroom. Fontys Hogescholen: Fontys Teacher Training College Sittard.
Hossain, Mohammed Iqram. (2015). “Teaching Productive Skills to the Students: A Secondary Level Scenario”. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Dhaka, Bangladesh: BRAC University. Available online also at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/74352632.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Ihsan, F. (2013). Dasar-dasar Kependidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Indra, Galih. (2013). “The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy to Improve Students’ Ability in Writing Procedure Text: An Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Susukan, Kabupaten Semarang”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Semarang: English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Semarang State University. Available online also at: https://lib.unnes.ac.id/19863/1/2201406597.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Joao, I.M. & J.M. Silva. (2014). “Concept Mapping and Mind Mapping to Lift the Thinking Skill of Chemical Engineering Students” in Journal of iJEP, Volume 4, Issue 5 [Special Issue].
Jones, B.D. et al. (2012). “The Effects of Mind Mapping Activities on Students Motivation” in International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Vol.6, No.1.
Jong, Ton de. (2010). “Cognitive Load Theory, Educational Research, and Instructional Design: Some Food for Thought” in Instructional Science, Volume 38, pp.105-134. Available online also at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11251-009-9110-0 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Kemdikbud RI [Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia]. (2016). “Inilah Contoh Terbaru: Metode Pembelajaran yang Menyenangkan di Dalam Maupun di Luar Kelas”. Available online at: http://www.infokemendikbud.com/2016/12/inilah-contoh-terbaru-metode.html [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Khoiriyah. (2014). “Increasing the Students’ Writing Skill through Mind Mapping Technique” in Nusantara of Research, Vol.01, No.02 [Oktober]. Available online also at: http://lp2m.unpkediri.ac.id/jurnal/pages/research/vol1no2 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
Kirschner, P.A. et al. (2018). “From Cognitive Load Theory to Collaborative Cognitive Load Theory” in International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, Volume 13, pp.213-233. Available online also at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11412-018-9277-y [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 13, 2019].
Kulasegaram, K. & P.K. Rangachari. (2018). “Beyond ‘Formative’: Assessments to Enrich Student Learning” in Advances in Physiology Education, Volume 42, Issue 1 [March], pp.5-14. Available online also at: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00122.2017 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 13, 2019].
Langeveld, M.J. (2008). Pedagogik: Teoritis-Sistematis. Bandung: FIP UPI [Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia], diedit dan diterjemahkan oleh Y. Suyitno. Available online also at: http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FIP/JUR._PEDAGOGIK/195009081981011-Y._SUYITNO/BUKU_PEDAGOGIK.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Leithwood, Kenneth et al. (2004). “Review of Research: How Leadership Influences Student Learning”. Available online at: https://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/Documents/How-Leadership-Influences-Student-Learning.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Lestari, Nia. (2016). “The Use of Mnemonics Technique to Increase Students’ Vocabulary Mastery: A Classroom Action Research at the Eighth Grade Students of SMPN 2 Banyubiru in the Academic Year of 2016/2017”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Salatiga: English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, State Institute for Islamic Studies. Available online also at: http://e-repository.perpus.iainsalatiga.ac.id/1756/1/Skripsi%20PDF.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Mamura, Putri Ziko. (2011). “The Use of Mind Mapping to Improve Vocabulary Mastery of the Fourth Grade Students of SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 in the Academic Year of 2009/2010”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: English Education Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Yogyakarta. Available online also at: https://eprints.uny.ac.id/18568/1/Putri%20Ziko%20Mamura%20%28Thesis%29.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Manelis, A., C. Hanson & S.J. Hanson. (2011). “Implicit Memory for Object Locations Depends on Reactivation of Encoding-Related Brain Regions” in Human Brain Mapping, Volume 32(1), January, pp.32-50. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065329/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Manning, Geri. (2007). “Self-Directed Learning: A Key Component of Adult Learning Theory” in Business and Public Administration Studies, Vol.2, No.2. Available online also at: https://www.bpastudies.org/bpastudies/article/view/38/78 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
May, Cynthia P. & Gilles O. Einstein. (2013). Memory a Five-Unit Lesson Plan for High School Psychology Teachers. USA [United States of America]: TOPSS [Teachers of Psychology in Secondary Schools] of the American Psychological Association. Available online also at: https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/topss/lessons/memory.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Meister, R.B. (2017). “Mind Mapping for Teachers: Tips, Tools, and Lesson Plans”. Available online at: https://www.mindmeister.com/blog/teach-mind-mapping/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
Mirza, Asrifal. (2016). “The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy to Improve Students’ Speaking Ability”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Banda Aceh: Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Islamic State University of Ar-Raniry Darussalam. Available online also at: https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/826/1/asrifal%20mirza.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
Monteiro, R. et al. (2018). “The Interactive Effect of Occupational Noise on Attention and Short-Term Memory: A Pilot Study” in Noise & Health: A Bimontly Inter-Disciplinary International Journal, Volume 20(96), pp.190-198. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301086/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 13, 2019].
Mulford, Bill. (2003). “School Leaders: Challenging Roles and Impact on Teacher and School Effectiveness” in OECD Commissioned Paper, on April. Available online also at: http://www.oecd.org/education/school/37133393.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Mulyasa, E. (2008). Menjadi Guru Profesional: Menciptakan Pembelajaran Kreatif dan Menyenangkan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nesbit, J.C. & O.O. Adesope. (2006). “Learning with Concept and Knowledge Maps: A Meta-Analysis” in Review of Educational Research, Volume 76(3), pp.413-448.
Norris, Dennis. (2017). “Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory are Still Different” in Psychological Bulletin, Volume 143(9), 992-1009. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578362/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Novak, J.D. (1993). “How Do We Learn Our Lesson? Taking Students through the Process” in The Science Teacher, Volume 60(3), pp.50-55.
Pamungkas, Angga Dwi. (2012). “Using the Mind Mapping Technique to Improve the Students’ Writing Skill of the Tenth Grade Students at SMAN 1 Pleret in the Academic Year of 2011/2012”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: English Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Yogyakarta. Available online also at: https://eprints.uny.ac.id/25636/1/Angga%20Dwi%20Pamungkas%2005202244063.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Porter, B.D. & H. Mike. (2000). Quantum Learning: Membiasakan Belajar Nyaman dan Menyenangkan. Bandung: PT Kaifa, Translation.
Prozesky, D.R. (2000). “Teaching and Learning” in Community Eye Health Journal, Volume 13(34). Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764819/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Putra, Y. (2009). Memori dan Pembelajaran Efektif. Bandung: Yrama Widya.
Ramos, Tania, Joao Marques & Leonel Garcia-Marques. (2017). “The Memory of What We Do Not Recall: Dissociations and Theoretical Debates in the Study of Implicit Memory” in Psicologica, Volume 38, pp.365-393. Available online also at: https://www.uv.es/psicologica/articulos2.17/8RAMOS.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Rasch, B. & J. Born. (2013). “About Sleep's Role in Memory” in Physiological Reviews, Volume 93(2), April, pp.681-766. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768102/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Riswanto, P. & P. Putra. (2012). “The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy in the Teching of Writing at SMAN 3 Bengkulu, Indonesia” in International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.2, No.21.
Ronnlund, Michael. (2003). Aspects of Declarative Memory Functioning in Adulthood: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies. Sweden: Department of Psychology, Umea University. Available online also at: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:141134/FULLTEXT01.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Sadulloh, Uyoh et al. (2015). Pedagogik: Ilmu Mendidik. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Samhudi. (2017). “The Use of Mind Mapping Technique in Teaching Vocabulary”. Available online at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/217658-the-use-of-mind-mapping-technique-in-tea.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
Sari, Dian Arika. (2011). “Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability through Mind Mapping in the Second Year of SMPN 1 Ngrampal, Sragen in the Academic Year of 2010/2011”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State University. Available online also at: https://eprints.uny.ac.id/44954/1/Dian%20Arika%20Sari_05202244137.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Schank, Roger C. & Robert P. Abelson. (1995). “Knowledge and Memory: The Real Story” in Robert S. Wyer, Jr. [ed]. Knowledge and Memory: The Real Story. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp.1-85. Available online also at: http://www.cogprints.org/636/1/KnowledgeMemory_SchankAbelson_d.html [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Schunk, Dale H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 6th edition.
Seltman, Howard J. (2018). “Experimental Design and Analysis”, on July 11. Available online at: http://www.stat.cmu.edu/~hseltman/309/Book/Book.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 17, 2019].
Serdyukov, Peter. (2017). “Innovation in Education: What Works, What Doesn’t, and What to Do about it?” in Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, on April. Available online also at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JRIT-10-2016-0007/full/html [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Silalahi, Elfrida Br. (2016). “Improving Writing Descriptive Paragraph by Using Mind Mapping Technique and Brainstorming Technique at SMK Methodist 8 Medan” in The Explora Journal of ELT and Linguistics, Vol.2, No.1 [March], pp.1-96, published by Nommensen HKBP University in North Sumatera. Available online also at: https://uhn.ac.id/files/akademik_files/1712080301_2016_The%20%20Explora%20%20Journal [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Stern, E. (2017). “Individual Differences in the Learning Potential of Human Beings” in NPJ: Science of Learning, Volume 2(2), January. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220331/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Sternberg, R.J. (2008). Psikologi Kognitif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, Translation.
Stokhof, Harry et al. (2018). “Using Mind Maps to Make Student Questioning Effective: Learning Outcomes of a Principle-Based Scenario for Teacher Guidance” in Research in Science Education, Volume 50, pp.203-225. Available online also at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11165-017-9686-3 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 7, 2019].
Sugiono. (2010). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Surya, Mohamad. (2014). Psikologi Guru: Konsep dan Aplikasi. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta.
Suyanto, A. (2015). “The Effectiveness of Mind Mapping in Improving Students Writing Skill Viewed from IQ” in Indonesian Journal of English Education, Volume 2(2), pp.101-119.
Thompson, C.B. & E.A. Panacek. (2006). “Research Study Designs: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental” in Air Medical Journal, Volume 25, Issue 6, pp.242-246. Available online also at: https://www.airmedicaljournal.com/article/S1067-991X(06)00286-0/fulltext [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 25, 2018].
Thorne, Glenda. (2017). “What are Some Problems Students Have with Memory?” in CDL: The Center for Development & Learning. Available online also at: https://www.cdl.org/what-are-some-problems-students-have-with-memory/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Tying, C.M. et al. (2017). “The Influences of Emotion on Learning and Memory” in Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 8:1454. Available online also at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5573739/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 14, 2018].
Utami, Dwi Wahyu. (2017). “The Effectiveness of Using Word Mapping Strategy in Teaching Vocabulary: An Experimental Study at the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Negeri 1 Plupuh Academic Year 2015/2016”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Surakarta: English Department, Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty, the State Islamic Institute of Surakarta. Available online also at: http://eprints.iain-surakarta.ac.id/685/1/Dwi%20wahyu%20utami.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 22, 2018].
Waloyo, Edy. (2017). “The Implementation of Mind Mapping Technique in Teaching Writing: A Case Study at MAN 13 Jakarta” in ELT-Echo, Vol.2, No.1 [June], pp.72-83.
Wilson, B. & P. Cole. (1991). “A Review of Cognitive Teaching Models” in Educational Technology Research and Development, Volume 39(4), pp.47-64. Available online also at: http://www.cudenver.edu/~bwilson [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Zientek, L., K. Nimon & B. Hammack-Brown. (2016). “Analyzing Data from a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design: The Importance of Statistical Assumptions” in European Journal of Training and Development, on September 6. Available online also at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/EJTD-08-2015-0066/full/html?skipTracking=true [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 25, 2018].
Zimmermann, K.A. (2014). “Declarative Memory: Definitions & Examples” in Live Science, on February 6. Available online also at: https://www.livescience.com/43153-declarative-memory.html [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: December 1, 2018].
Zosh, Jennifer M. et al. (2017). Learning through Play: A Review of the Evidence (White Paper). DK: The LEGO Foundation. Available online also at: https://www.legofoundation.com/media/1063/learning-through-play_web.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/sip.v5i1.1261
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.2121/sip.v5i1.1261.g1091
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
SIPATAHOENAN: South-East Asian Journal for Youth, Sports & Health Education. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License