Kesejarahan Ajaran Sifat 20 di Alam Melayu

Abstract

IKHTISAR: Ramai ulama Islam yang terkemudian mencampurkan penulisan akidah dengan ilmu falsafah. Percampuran ini menimbulkan kesamaran tentang fahaman akidah Tauhid. Dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut, Al-Imam al-Sanusi memperkenalkan ajaran Sifat 20 menerusi penulisan “Umm al-Barahin” dan menjadi pilihan bagi kebanyakan ulama di pusat-pusat pengajian Islam. Bilakah munculnya ajaran tersebut di alam Melayu? Artikel ini cuba memecahkan persoalan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesejarahan ajaran Sifat 20 di alam Melayu. Bagi mencapaikan objektif tersebut, kajian ini menggunakan analisis kandungan melalui data perpustakaan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ajaran Sifat 20 telah muncul kali pertama di utara Afrika pada abad ke-15 M (Masehi) dan tersebar kemudiannya ke alam Arab. Pada abad ke-17 M, ia telah terdedah pada alam Melayu melalui penulisan beberapa orang ulama, antaranya Ahmad bin Aminuddin Qadhi, Al-Syaikh Nur al-Din al-Raniri, dan Syeikh Abdul Rauf Singkil. Pada abad ke-18 M, penulisan Sifat 20 “Umm al-Barahin” mulai diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Malayu oleh Syeikh Muhammad Zain Faqih Jalaluddin al-Asyi, diikuti dengan Syeikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani, dan disebar-luas kemudiannya oleh Syeikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani pada abad ke-19 M.

KATA KUNCI: Sifat 20, kesejarahan, “Umm al-Barahin”, Al-Imam al-Sanusi, pusat pengajian Islam, dan alam Melayu.

ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “An Historical Account on the Teachings of the 20 Attributes in the Malay World”. Many of the late Islamic scholars writings mixed faith with philosophy. This mixing had created ambiguity on the notion of the belief in the unity of God. In order to address these problems, Al-Imam al-Sanusi introduced the teachings of the 20 Attributes of Allah through his book “Umm al-Barahin” which became the choice materials for many scholars in Islamic studies centers. When did these teachings emerge in the Malay world? This paper, thus, makes an attempt to resolve the issue. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to examine the historical account on the teachings of the 20 Attributes of Allah in the Malay world. To achieve the objective, this study used content analysis through library data. The research findings showed that the teachings on the 20 Attributes of Allah first appeared in northern Africa in the 15th century and later spread to the Arab world. In the 17th century, it was exposed to the Malay world through the writings of some scholars, such as Ahmad bin Aminuddin Qadhi, Al-Syaikh Nur al-Din al-Raniri, and Syeikh Abdul Rauf Singkil. In the 18th century, the 20 Attributes of Allah in “Umm al-Barahin” begun to be translated into the Malay language by Sheikh Muhammad Zain Faqih Jalaluddin al-Asyi, followed by Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani which was widespread later by Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani in the 19th century.

KEY WORD: 20 Attributes, historical account, “Umm al-Barahin”, Al-Imam al-Sanusi, Islamic studies center, and Malay world.

About the Author: Dr. Masakaree Ardae @ Nik Muhammad Syukri Nik Wan ialah Dekan Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Kolej Universiti Islam Sultan Azlan Shah, 33000 Bukit Chandan, Kuala Kangsar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: masakaree@kuisas.edu.my dan mohdsyukri_nikwan@yahoo.com

How to cite this article? Syukri Nik Wan, Masakaree Ardae @ Nik Muhammad. (2014). “Kesejarahan Ajaran Sifat 20 di Alam Melayu” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.51-64. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808.

Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 17, 2014); Revised (February 17, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).