Buang Undi untuk Demokrasi: Satu Analisis Perbandingan tentang PRU di Malaysia dan PEMILU di Indonesia pada Tahun 1955

Abstract

ABSTRAKSI: PRU (Pilihan Raya Umum) 1955 di Malaysia dianjur 2 tahun sebelum Negara Persekutuan Tanah Melayu memperolehi kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957. Manakala PEMILU (Pemilihan Umum) 1955 di Indonesia dilaksanakan 10 tahun selepas negara tersebut mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan pada 17 Ogos 1945. Dengan mengguna-pakai kaedah sejarah, naratif kualitatif, dan sorotan literature dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Pilihan Raya di Malaysia pada 1955 dianjur secara berperingkat mulai dari Perbandaran, Negeri, hingga Persekutuan. Parti Perikatan, iaitu UMNO (United Malays National Organisation), MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association), dan MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress), memenangi kerusi majoriti di Parlemen. Pilihan Raya di Malaysia selanjutnya dianjur secara tersusun saban 5 tahun sekali hingga sekarang. Manakala PEMILU 1955 di Indonesia dianjur untuk memilih wakil-wakil rakyat di DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) dan ahli-ahli Dewan Konstituante, satu badan yang merangka dan membuat perlembagaan baru. Empat parti politik besar yang tak berperikatan memenangi kerusi dalam PEMILU 1955, iaitu PNI (Parti Nasional Indonesia), MASYUMI (Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), NU (Nahdlatul Ulama), dan PKI (Parti Komunis Indonesia). PEMILU di Indonesia dianjur seterusnya sebaik kerajaan Orde Baru berkuasa (1968-1998), iaitu pada 1971, dan berterusan saban 5 tahun. Hatta, pada masa kerajaan Orde Reformasi (1998-sekarang), selain dianjur PEMILU juga PILPRES (Pemilihan Langsung Presiden) pada mulakan 2004 hingga sekarang.
KATA KUNCI: Pilihan Raya; Berkerajaan Sendiri; Alat dan Matlamat Demokrasi; Malaysia dan Indonesia.                 

ABSTRACT: “Casting Votes for Democracy: A Comparative Analysis of the 1955 General Elections in Malaysia and Indonesia”. The 1955 General Election in Malaysia was held two years before the Federation of Malaya gained independence on August 31, 1957. In contrast, the 1955 General Election in Indonesia took place ten years after the country proclaimed its independence on August 17, 1945. Utilizing historical methods, qualitative narratives, and a literature review, the study reveals that the 1955 Election in Malaysia was conducted in stages, progressing from the municipal and state levels to the federal level. The Alliance Party, comprising UMNO (United Malays National Organization), MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association), and MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress), secured a parliamentary majority. Subsequent elections in Malaysia have been organized systematically every five years to the present day. Meanwhile, the 1955 Election in Indonesia was held to select representatives for the DPR (People's Representative Council) and members of the Constituent Assembly, a body tasked with drafting and formulating a new constitution. Four major political parties: PNI (Indonesian National Party), MASYUMI (Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims), NU (Nahdlatul Ulama), and PKI (Indonesian Communist Party) won seats in the 1955 election. Further elections in Indonesia were held once the New Order government came to power (1968–1998), beginning in 1971 and continuing every five years. Subsequently, under the Reform Era government (1998–present), direct Presidential Elections (PILPRES) have also been held alongside general elections, starting in 2004 and continuing to the present.
KEY WORD: Elections; Self-government; Means and Ends of Democracy; Malaysia and Indonesia.

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About the Authors: Andi Herman Andi Appi ialah Alumni Pelajar Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakulti Pendidikan UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, dan Guru Sejarah SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan) Madai Kunak, WDT 279, Kunak, Sabah, Malaysia; Prof. Dato Dr. Abdul Razaq Ahmad ialah Pensyarah Fakulti Pendidikan UKM; Dr. Andi Suwirta ialah Pensyarah Kanan Jabatan Pendidikan Sejarah FPIPS UPI (Fakulti Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universiti Pendidikan Indonesia) di Bandung; dan Prof. Dr. Mohd Mahzan Awang ialah Pensyarah Fakulti Pendidikan UKM. Alamat emel Penulis: ummi_wardah@yahoo.com

Suggested Citation: Appi, A.H.A. et al. [A.R. Ahmad, A. Suwirta & M.M. Awang]. (2026). “Buang Undi untuk Demokrasi: Satu Analisis Perbandingan tentang PRU di Malaysia dan PEMILU di Indonesia pada Tahun 1955” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 11(2), September, pp.15-34. Bandung, Indonesia: MINDAMAS (Minda Masagi Suci) Foundation and ASPENSI (International Association for Historians and History Educators) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia with ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (July 10, 2026); Revised (August 7, 2026); and Published (September 30, 2026).