The Undhuh-undhuh Ritual Change of Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan Congregation in Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Dewi Salindri

Abstract


ABSTRACT: Society runs the religious activities as way of communicating with the magical things through their beliefs. Generally, ritual is a ceremonial system as a form of behavior and religion. All of the ceremonial systems are characteristically daily, seasonal, and occasioanal. This article tries to elaborate the ritual in Christianity with the local culture. There is a thanksgiving ritual for the harvest conducted by the GKJW (Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan or East Java Christian Church) in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, in every months of May and November. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the change of “undhuh-undhuh” ritual by GKJW congregation in Jember, and what factors causing the change in the rituals of the GKJW in Jember, East Java. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are by observation, interview, and document study. Theories used in this research are Rite Theory and Deconstruction Theory. The results of this study indicate that there is a change in “undhuh-undhuh” ritual influenced by external and internal factors. They are changes in education, economy, technology, and media. Internal factors are changes in tradition, decreased level of congregational solidarity, and lack of cultural transmission.

KEY WORDS: Christianity; “Undhuh-undhuh” Ritual; Cultural Transmission.

About the Author: Dewi Salindri, M.Si. is a Lecturer at the History Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies UNEJ (University of Jember), Jalan Kalimantan No.37 Jember City, East Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the Author is able to be contacted via e-mail address at: dewisalindri62@gmail.com

Suggested Citation: Salindri, Dewi. (2020). “The Undhuh-undhuh Ritual Change of Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan Congregation in Jember, East Java, Indonesia” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 12(1), October, pp.111-148. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (June 22, 2020); Revised (August 17, 2020); and Published (October 30, 2020).


Keywords


Christianity; “Undhuh-undhuh” Ritual; Cultural Transmission

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, Irwan. (2010). Agama dan Kearifan Lokal dalam Tantangan Global. Yogyakarta: Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM [Universitas Gadjah Mada] bekerjasama dengan Pustaka Pelajar.

Abdullah, Wakit. (2016). “Ethnoliguistic Study of Local Wisdom in Ex-Residency of Surakarta” in HUMANIORA, Vol.28, No.3 [October], pp.279-289. Available online also at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/63345-ethnolinguistic-study-of-local-wisdom-in-d9ba1dd7.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Agung, I. (2011). Pendidikan Membangun Karakter Bangsa. Jakarta: Bestari Buana Murni.

Ainiyah, Linda, Rully Putri Nirmala Puji & Wiwin Hartanto. (2017). “Eksistensi Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW) di Kecamatan Mojowarno, Kabupaten Jombang, Tahun 1992-2018” in KRONIK: Journal of History Education and Historiography, Vol.1, No.1, pp.23-26.

Alatas, Ismail Fajrie. (2016). “Aligning the Sunna and the Jamāʿa: Religious Authority and Islamic Social Formation in Contemporary Central Java, Indonesia”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. USA [United States of America]: The University of Michigan.

Ambrosino, Brandon. (2019). “How and Why did Religion Evolve?” in BBC Future, on April 19. Available online also at: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190418-how-and-why-did-religion-evolve [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: June 22, 2020].

Ardhityatama, Benino Indra. (2014). “Livelihood Change as Impact of Rural-Urban Transformation in Sleman Regency” in Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan, Vol.2, No.3 [Desember], pp.209-220.

Aritonang, Jan Sihar & Karel Steenbrink [eds]. (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Leiden and Boston, MA: Brill.

Atkinson, P.A. & A. Coffey. (2004). “Analysing Documentary Realities” in D. Silverman [ed]. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method, and Practice. London: Sage, pp.56-75, 2nd edition.

Barker, C. (2012). Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: Sage.

Bensley, Jennifer. (1994). “The Dani Church of Irian Jaya and the Challenges it is Facing Today”. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Melbourne: Monash Asia Institute, Monash University. Available online also at: http://papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/bensley/ma.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 30, 2019].

Bradley, Jayson D. (2019). “5 Thanksgiving Sermons Just Waiting to Be Preached”. Available online at: https://pushpay.com/blog/5-thanksgiving-sermons/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: June 1, 2020].

Bray, Joshua G.P. (2019). “Sustainability Programs, Livelihoods and Value Chains in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Australia: School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney.

Chee-Beng, Tan. (2016). “It is Easy When You are a Christian: Badeng Kenyah Conversion to Christianity” in Cultural and Religious Studies, Vol.4, No.4 [April], pp.254-272. doi:10.17265/2328-2177/2016.04.004.

Clark, D. (2016). The Lord's Prayer: Origins and Early Interpretations (Studia Traditionis Theologiae, 21). Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.

Cox, Daniel & Amelia Thomson DeVeaux. (2019). “Millennials are Leaving Religion and Not Coming Back” in Five Thirty Eight, on December 12. Available online also at: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/millennials-are-leaving-religion-and-not-coming-back/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: June 1, 2020].

Damayanto, Meldhya. (2005). “Ketidakberdayaan Kekristenan Bercorak Lokal Menghadapi Kekristenan Bercorak Barat: Studi tentang Coenraad Laurens Coolen dan Komunitas Kristen Ngoro, Jombang, Jawa Timur”. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis. Jakarta: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Apostolos. Available online also at: https://www.academia.edu/1009235/Ketidakberdayaan_Kekristenan_Bercorak_Lokal_Menghadapi_Kekristenan_Bercorak_Barat [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Davies, Douglas J. & Michael J. Thate [eds]. (2017). Religion and the Individual: Belief, Practice, and Identity. Basel, Beijing, Wuhan, Barcelona and Belgrade: MDPI Publications.

Denzin, N.K. & Y.S. Lincoln [eds]. (2017). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 5th edition.

Derrida, Jacques. (1981). Positions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, translated by Alan Bass.

Dharmawan, Arya Hadi et al. (2020). “Dynamics of Rural Economy: A Socio-Economic Understanding of Oil Palm Expansion and Landscape Changes in East Kalimantan, Indonesia” in LAND, Volume 213(9), pp.1-19.

Dilas, Dragana Borenovic et al. (2019). “Education in Indonesia” in WENR: World Education News + Reviews, on March 21. Available online also at: https://wenr.wes.org/2019/03/education-in-indonesia-2 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 11, 2020].

Donghi, Antonio. (2009). Words and Gestures in the Liturgy. USA [United States of America]: The Liturgical Press.

Epafras, Leonard Chrysostomos. (2020). “An Inverted Quest: Cosmopolitanism and Religion in Baladeva Comics”. Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337962518 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: June 22, 2020].

Esqueda, Octavio. (2018). “What Every Church Needs to Know about Generation Z: A Landmark New Study from Biola and Talbot Alumni Offers Key Findings about the Next Generation” in Talbot Magazine, on November 14. Available online also at: https://www.biola.edu/blogs/talbot-magazine/2018/what-every-church-needs-to-know-about-generation-z [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Firman, Tony. (2017). “Dakwah Kristen Jawa a la Coenrad Laurens Coolen” in TIRTO.ID, on December 15. Available online also at: https://tirto.id/dakwah-kristen-jawa-ala-coenrad-laurens-coolen-cBLs [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Firmansyah, Eka Kurnia & Nuraida Dyah Putrisari. (2017). “Sistem Religi dan Kepercayaan Masyarakat Kampung Adat Kuta, Kecamatan Tambaksari, Kebupaten Ciamis” in Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Vol.1, No.4.

Fitroh, Ismaul. (2018). “Berdirinya GKJW Tunjung Rejo, Kecamatan Yosowilangun, Kabupaten Lumajang” in Jurnal HISTORIA, Vol.6, No.1.

Fogelin, L. (2007). “The Archaeology of Religious Ritual” in Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 36, pp.55-71.

Forshee, J. (2006). Culture and Customs of Indonesia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Geertz, Clifford. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books, Inc. Puhlishers.

Geertz, Clifford. (1980). Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Graham-Brown, Pedreto Antonio. (2017). “The Trinity: The Biblical Mandates for Preaching, Teaching, Worshipping, and Evangelism in the Local Church”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Lynchburg, Virginia: Baptist Theological Seminary, Liberty University. Available online also at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Haris, Achmad Murtafi. (2013). “Indonesian Religious Evolution: Applying Bellah’s Theory in Indonesian Context” in Jurnal Sosiologi Islam, Vol.3, No.2 [Oktober], pp.1-27.

Harkness, Georgia. (2018). “Prayer and the Common Life” in Religion Online. Available online also at: https://www.religion-online.org/book-chapter/chapter-3-prayer-as-confession-and-petition/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Harwanto, Budi. (2020). “Contextualized Tirakat Form to Christian Spiritual Formation among Javanese” in KLABAT: Theological Review, Vol.1, No.1 [Agustus], pp.49-62.

Hasyim, Hasman & Iskandar Muda. (2019). “Effects of Local Wisdom in the Form of Planting Prayer in the Regional Development on Rice Paddy Farmers Revenue in Indonesia” in International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Vol.8, Iss.06 [June], pp.90-98. Available online also at: https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/june2019/Effects-Of-Local-Wisdom-In-The-Form-Of-Planting-Prayer [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Hayes, Treasa & Ruth Mattimoe. (2018). “To Tape or Not to Tape, that is the Question: Reflections on Methods of Data Collection”. Unpublished Academic Paper. UK [United Kingdom]: Business School, Dublin City University. Available online also at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30934564.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 10, 2019].

Heinze, Ruth-Inge [ed]. (2000). The Nature and Function of Rituals Fire from Heaven. Connecticut and London: Bergin & Garvey Westport.

Herrington, Luke M. (2013). “Globalization and Religion in Historical Perspective: A Paradoxical Relationship” in RELIGIONS, Volume 4, pp.145-165, doi:10.3390/rel4010145.

Holmes, Colin & David Lindsay. (2018). “In Search of Christian Theological Research Methodology” in SAGE Open, Edition of October-December, pp.1-9. Available online also at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2158244018809214 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 10, 2019].

Hossain, F. & M. Ali. (2014). “Relation between Individual and Society” in Open Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 2, pp.130-137. doi:10.4236/jss.2014.28019.

Howe, Gregory Michael. (2007). The Book of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments, and Other Rites, and Ceremonies of the Church, Together with the Psalter or Psalms of David: According to the Use of the Episcopal Church. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. Available online also at: https://episcopalchurch.org/files/book_of_common_prayer.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Huang, Hao. (2019). “Nature and the Spirit: Ritual, Environment, and the Subak in Bali” in EnviroLab Asia, Vol.3, Iss.2, Art.1. Available online also at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/envirolabasia/vol3/iss2/1 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Hunt, S.J. (2015). “Believing Vaguely: Religious Socialization and Christian Beliefs in Britain” in Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, Volume 7(3), pp.10-46. doi:10.14658/pupj-ijse-2015-3-2.

Interview with Respondent A, namely Rahayu Soekari (73 Years-Old), a Retired Woman, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 14th January 2012.

Interview with Respondent B, namely Dicky Adi Tyagita (22 Years-Old), an Undergraduated, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 3rd February 2012.

Interview with Respondent C, namely Harini Soegiarto (61 Years-Old), an Undergraduated, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 5th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent D, namely Evan Dekha Agatha (19 Years-Old), a Student, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 9th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent E, namely Budi Utoro Joar (62 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 20th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent F, namely Priyo Sumanto (71 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 20th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent G, namely Soemijatsih Oedijono (70 Years-Old), in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 25th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent H, namely Wiryosasmito (84 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 27th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent I, namely A.K. Hutomo (66 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 28th February 2012.

Interview with Respondent J, namely Hoetomo Suryo Widodo (45 Years-Old), a Pastor, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 11th March 2012.

Interview with Respondent K, namely Pinoedjo (84 Years-Old), an Emiritus Pastor, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 11th March 2012.

Interview with Respondent L, namely Kodrat (62 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 24th March 2012.

Interview with Respondent M, namely Serasi Tarigan (60 Years-Old), a Retired Man, in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 24th March 2012.

Interview with Respondent N, namely Endang Retno Asih (64 Years-Old), in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, on 24th March 2012.

Jones, Gavin W. (2018). “Religion and Education in Indonesia”. Available online at: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53625/INDO_22_0_1107107671_19_56.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Kadir, Hatib A. & Maufur. (2011). “Religious Responses to Globalisation” in AL-JAMI‘AH, Vol.49, No.2, pp.393-410.

Kapang, Olivia M. (2013). “Analisa Gaya Hidup Remaja dalam Mengimitasi Budaya Pop Korea melalui Televisi” in Jurnal Acta Dunia, Vol.2, No.2.

Kesuma, Andi Ima & Abdul Rahman. (2018). “Mappettong Bola: A Form of Mutual Help in Bugis Community” in Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 226, pp.997-1003.

Kluckhohn, Clyde. (1942). “Myths and Rituals: A General Theory” in The Harvard Theological Review, Vol.35, No.1, pp.45-79. Available online also at: www.jstor.org/stable/1508351 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Koentjaraningrat. (2010). Manusia dan Kebudayaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Djambatan.

Kruithof, Maryse. (2014). “Shouting in a Desert: Dutch Missionary Encounters with Javanese Islam, 1850-1910”. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Rotterdam: The Erasmus University.

Lang, Michael Kpughe. (2018). “The Role of Religion in Agriculture: Reflections from the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon since Pre-Colonial Times” in MGBAKOIGBA: Journal of African Studies, Vol.7, No.2 [June], pp.54-73.

Lan, Q. (2018). “Does Ritual Exist? Defining and Classifying Ritual Based on Belief Theory” in Journal of Chinese Sociology, Volume 5(5). Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-018-0073-x [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Limawandoyo, Elita Amanda. (2013). “Perpaduan Budaya pada Bangunan Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan Wiyung Surabaya” in Jurnal Intra, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-5.

Lofland, J. et al. (2006). Analyzing Social Settings. A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Lukes, Steven. (1975). “Political Ritual and Social Integration” in Sociology, Vol.9, No.2, pp.289-308. Available online also at: www.jstor.org/stable/42851629 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Maherzi, Lotfi. (1997). World Communication Report: The Media and the Challenge of the New Technologies. Paris, France: UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization] Publishing. Available online also at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000111240 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Maliki, Musa. (2019). “Local/Global Disruption: The Response of the Samin Movement to Modernity”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Australia: College of Indigenous Futures, Arts, and Society, Charles Darwin University. Available online also at: https://ris.cdu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/33386025/Thesis_CDU_33111362_Maliki_M.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 11, 2020].

Manganyi, J.S. & J. Buitendag. (2013). “A Critical Analysis on African Traditional Religion and the Trinity” in HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, Volume 69(1), Art.#1934. Available online also at: http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v69i1.1934 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Martyr, Justin. (1993). “How We Christians Worship” in Christian History, Issue #37. Available online also at: https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/how-we-christians-worship [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Masato, Fukushima. (2002). Religion and Society in Java: Ethnographic Memoir of Indonesia under Suharto’s New Order. Tokyo: Hitsuji Shobo.

Mbete, Aron M. (2003). “Bahasa dan Budaya Lokal Minoritas: Asal-Muasal, Ancaman Kepunahan, dan Ancangan Pemberdayaan dalam Kerangka Pola Ilmiah Pokok Kebudayaan Universitas Udayana”. Unpublished Academic Paper. Denpasar, Bali: Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Udayana.

Mbete, Aron M. et al. (2008). Nggua Bapu: Ritual Perladangan Etnik Ende Lio. Ende: Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Ende and Pustaka Laras.

Meer, N.C. van Setten van der. (1979). Sawah Cultivation in Ancient Java: Aspects of Development during the lndo-Javanese Period, 5th to 15th Century. Canberra: The ANU [Australian National University] Press. Available online also at: https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/115095/2/b12181870.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Michael, Katina. (2017). “Religion, Science, and Technology” in Technology and Society, on June 29. Available online also at: https://technologyandsociety.org/religion-science-and-technology-an-interview-with-metropolitan-kallistos-ware/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Moleong, Lexy J. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nadhila, Isna. (2013). Mempermudah Hidup Manusia dengan Teknologi Modern. Jakarta: Panamadani.

Nikijuluw, Jeanee Belthia et al. (2020). “Shifting of the Cultural Farmer Values in Negeri Ullath” in Journal of Critical Reviews, Volume 7(14), pp.1549-1556. Available online also at: http://www.jcreview.com/?mno=118911#cite [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Nurhaidah. (2015). “Dampak Pengaruh Globalisasi bagi Kehidupan Bangsa Indonesia” in Jurnal Pesona Dasar, Vol.3, No.3.

Nurhasanah & Lutfiana Khofia. (2018). “Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini” in AN-NISA', Vol.11, No.1 [April], pp.71-82. Available online also at: http://annisa.iain-jember.ac.id/index.php/annisa/article/view/757/602 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Nurhayati. (2013). “Transformasi Makna Tradisi Undhuh-undhuh pada Era Globalisasi di Mojowarno Jombang” in Jurnal Kajian Moral dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol.1, No.3.

Ozug, Matt & Ari Shapiro. (2017). “It’s Our Right: Christian Congregation in Indonesia Fights to Worship in its Church” in PARALLELS: Many Stories, One World, on November 1. Available online also at: https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/11/01/560012788/its-our-right-christian-congregation-in-indonesia-fights-to-worship-in-its-churc [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Panjwani, Diya. (2020). “Recollecting Tte Migration Memories of Ruskin Bond” in JCR: Journal of Critical Reviews, Volume 7(5), pp.559-562. doi:10.31838/jcr.07.05.116.

Parlindungan, F., I. Rifai & A. Satriani. (2018). “The Representation of Indonesian Cultural Diversity in Middle School English Textbooks” in IJAL: Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, Volume 8, pp.289-302. doi:10.17509/ijal.v8i2.13276.

“Pastor Hutomo Suryo Widodo was Opening the Service with Greetings and Blessings”. Unpublished Personal Document of Dewi Salindri, made in 2011.

Peake, Edward. (2000). “Tradition, Christianity, and the State in Understandings of Sickness and Healing in South Nias, Indonesia”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. London: Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics, University of London. Available online also at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46518321.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 30, 2020].

Perloff, Richard M. (2003). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Prater, Lisa Foust. (2019). “26 Bible Verses for Farmers: Farming is Fueled by Science, but it is Rooted in Faith” in SF: Successful Farming, on November 30. Available online also at: https://www.agriculture.com/family/26-bible-verses-for-farmers [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 2, 2020].

Pruitt, Shane. (2015). “9 Unbiblical Statements that Christians Believe”. Available online at: http://www.shanepruitt.com/9-unbiblical-statements-that-bible-loving-christians-believe/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Pusztai, Gabriella & Zsuzsanna Demeter-Karászi. (2019). “Analysis of Religious Socialization Based on Interviews Conducted with Young Adults” in RELIGIONS, Volume 10(365), pp.1-10. doi:10.3390/rel10060365.

Putten, Jan van der et al. [eds]. (2017). Traditions Redirecting Contemporary Indonesian Cultural Productions. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK [United Kingdom]: Lady Stephenson Library.

Rachmadi, Simon. (2017). “Reformed Spirituality in Java: The Reformed Tradition and the Struggle of the GKJ to Actualize its Reformed Spirituality in Indonesia”. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. The Netherlands: Vrije Universiteit.

Rais, M. Amien. (1996). Tauhid Sosial: Dokrin Perjuangan Muhammadiyah” in Jurnal Media Inovasi, Vol.VII, No.1.

Reed, Luther D. (1947). The Lutheran Liturgy: A Study of the Common Service of the Lutheran Church in America. Philadelphia, Penn.: Muhlenberg Press.

Retnowati. (2013). “Jaringan Sosial Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW) dengan Pondok Pesantren di Malang, Jawa Timur” in ANALISA: Journal of Social Science and Religion, Vol.20, No.1. Available online also at: https://blasemarang.kemenag.go.id/journal/index.php/analisa/article/view/4 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

“Rev. Hutomo Suryo Widodo is Preaching”. Unpublished Personal Document of Dewi Salindri, made in 2011.

Rochman, Aman. (2015). “Undhuh-undhuh: Malang’s Javanese Christian Tradition” in newspaper of The Jakarta Post, on December 21. Available online also at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/21/undhuh-undhuh-malang-s-javanese-christian-tradition.html [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Rosser, Andrew. (2018). “Beyond Access: Making Indonesia’s Education System Work” in LOWY INSTITUTE, on February 21. Available online also at: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/beyond-access-making-indonesia-s-education-system-work [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Satterthwaite, D., G. McGranahan & C. Tacoli. (2010). “Urbanization and its Implications for Food and Farming” in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, Volume 365(1554), pp.2809-2820. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0136.

Setiyani, Wiwik. (2018). Keragaman Perilaku Keagamaan. Yogyakarta: Dialektika.

Soetarman. (2018). Cikal-Bakal Berdirinya Desa-desa Mojowarno. Yogyakarta: Penerbit YTPKI.

Stocker, Barry. (2006). Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Derrida on Deconstruction. New York: Routledge.

Sudahri. (2019). “Forms of Tolerance Religion Islam and Christianity in the District Puger, Jember, Indonesia” in Proceeding ICOGISS, pp.193-201.

Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.

Sukamto et al. (2018). “Symbolic Meaning of Lantern March and its Contribution to Social Education” in Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, Volume 320, pp.171-175.

Sulandjari. (2018). “Javanese Christian Traditions in Villages Diversity Context in Java”. A Paper for International Seminar, Tolerance and Pluralism in Southeast Asia, in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, on October 2. Available online also at: https://press.unhi.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/9.-Javanese-Christian-Traditions-In-Villages-Diversity-Context-In-Java.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Sullivan, Patricia A. (2005). “A Reinterpretation of Invocation and Intercession of the Saints” in Theological Studies, Vol.66, No.2, pp.381-400.

Sumbulah, Umi. (2016). “Muslim-Christian Relation on the Basis of Christian Village in Malang, East Java, Indonesia: Socio-Theological Reconstruction for Building Religious Harmony” in Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol.6, No.12, pp.1-7. Available online also at: http://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/585/1/31448-34293-1-PB.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Sumule, Leonard. (2018). “Implementing Andragogy in Indonesian Theological Schools” in Jurnal Jaffray, Vol.16, No.1 [April], pp.77-92. Available online also at: https://ojs.sttjaffray.ac.id/JJV71/article/view/281/308 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 10, 2019].

Sutarno & Ahmad Dwi Setyawan. (2016). “Review: The Diversity of Local Cattle in Indonesia and the Efforts to Develop Superior Indigenous Cattle Breeds” in BIODIVERSITAS, Vol.17, No.1 [April], pp.275-295. Available online also at: https://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D1701/D170139.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 10, 2019].

Suwardi. (2013). “Land Management, the Myth of Dewi Sri, and the Balance of Javanese Cosmology: An Anthropogeographic Overview” in IJG: Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol.45, No.2 [December], pp.158-170.

Teddlie, C. & A. Tashakkorie. (2009). Foundations of Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in the Social and Behavioural Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Tedjakusuma, R.N., Yulia & D.H. Setiabudi. (2019). “Integrasi Data Jemaat dan Kegiatan Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Jemaat di Tiap Cabang: Studi Kasus Gereja Mawar Sharon”. Unpublished Academic Paper. Surabaya: Universitas Kristen Petra.

Tjiptoherijanto, Prijono. (2014). “Reform of the Indonesian Civil Service: Racing with Decentralization” in Working Paper in Economics and Business, Vol.IV, No.02, pp.1-10. Available online also at: https://econ.feb.ui.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/201402.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Torar, Lexy & Wahono. (2016). The Management of National Education in 2014/2015 at a Glance Compiled by Division of Utilization and Services. Jakarta: Center for Educational and Cultural Data and Statistics, MoEC [Ministry of Education and Culture]. Available online also at: http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_6549DA84-7A7F-44B5-AD22-829B1F002A4F.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

TPS GKJW [Tim Pencatat Sejarah Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan] Mojowarno. (2011). Sejarah Hari Raya Undhuh-undhuh. Yogyakarta: Taman Pustaka Kristen.

TPS GKJW [Tim Pencatat Sejarah Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan] Mojowarno. (2018). Sejarah Hari Raya Undhuh-undhuh. Yogyakarta: Taman Pustaka Kristen.

Trabbic, Joseph G. (2016). “Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff: The Priest in the Offertory of the Mass”. Available online at: http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/details/ns_lit_doc_20100216_sac-offertorio_en.html [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Tyas, E. Handayani & Lamhot Naibaho. (2020). “Building a Culture of Tolerance since Early Childhood” in GRANTHAALAYAH: International Journal of Research, Volume 8(8), pp.244-249. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.999 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: June 22, 2020].

Vandenberg, Sarah. (2018). “Health Volunteer Abroad: Paramedic, Public Health, Midwife, Pharmacist” in Volunteer Forever, on November 28. Available online at: https://www.volunteerforever.com/article_post/health-volunteer-abroad-paramedic-public-health-midwife-pharmacist/ [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 25, 2019].

Verdinelli, Susana & Norma I. Scagnoli. (2013). “Data Display in Qualitative Research” in IJQM: International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Volume 12, pp.359-381. Available online also at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/160940691301200117 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 10, 2019].

WCC [World Council of Churches]. (2018). “East Java Christian Church: Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan, GKJW”. Available online at: https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/east-java-christian-church [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Wessing, Robert. (2013). “The Osing Agricultural Spirit-Medium” in MOUSSONS : Social Science Research on Southeast Asia, Volume 22, pp.111-124. Available online also at : https://journals.openedition.org/moussons/2406 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 15, 2019].

Wibisono, S., W.R. Louis & J. Jetten. (2019). “A Multidimensional Analysis of Religious Extremism” in Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 10:2560. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02560.

Wibowo, Agus. (2012). Menjadi Guru Berkarakter. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Widiatmaka et al. (2016). “Assessing the Suitability and Availability of Land for Agriculture in Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia” in Applied and Environmental Soil Science, Article ID 7302148. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7302148 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Wijaya, Hendra Raharja. (2019). “Praise the Lord! Infusing Values and Emotions into Neo-Institutional Theory”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Rotterdam: Erasmus University.

Wijaya, S. (2019). “Indonesian Food Culture Mapping: A Starter Contribution to Promote Indonesian Culinary Tourism” in Journal of Ethnic Food, Volume 6(9). Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-019-0009-3 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 2, 2020].

Wijaya, Wawuk Kristian. (2007). “Analisis Peran Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW) sebagai Gereja Berbasis Agraris” in Gema Teologi, Vol.31, No.2 [October]. Available online also at: https://journal-theo.ukdw.ac.id/index.php/gema/article/view/70 [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 2, 2019].

Williams, Rowan. (2009). “Reflections on the Lord’s Prayer” in BBC: Religions, on August 6. Available online also at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/prayer/lordsprayer_1.shtml [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Wilson, Ralph F. (2018). “The Tabernacle, Priesthood, and Sacrifices (Exodus 20-31, 35-40; Leviticus 1-17; Numbers 6-10)” in JESUS WALK: Bible Study Series, No.7. Available online also at: http://www.jesuswalk.com/moses/7_tabernacle.htm [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: March 20, 2020].

Yang, Lun et al. (2018). “Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households: Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China” in SUSTAINABILITY, Volume 10(2525), pp.1-18. doi:10.3390/su10072525.

Youcat. (2012). Katekismus Populer. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.

YPPH [Yayasan Pendidikan Pelita Harapan]. (2018). “Statement of the Faith”. Available online at: http://www.ypph.org/asset/images/articles/uploads/files/Statement%20of%20Faith%20COMBINE.pdf [accessed in Jember City, East Java, Indonesia: May 20, 2019].

Yuniarto, Rudolf. (2016). “’Beyond Ethnic Economy’: Religiosity, Social Entrepreneurship, and Solidarity Formation of Indonesian Migrants in Taiwan” in Makara Hubs-Asia, Volume 20(1), pp.1-14. DOI:10.7454/mssh.v20i1.3482.

Zed, Mestika. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Penerbit YOI [Yayasan Obor Indonesia].




DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v12i1.1372

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 TAWARIKH

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

 

View My Stats